Early Biological Predictors and Multidisciplinary Joint Preservation Strategies in Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis: An International Evidence-Based Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64784/256Palabras clave:
Post-traumatic osteoarthritis, Joint degeneration, Biological biomarkers, Cartilage injury, Inflammation, Joint preservation, Rehabilitation, Regenerative medicine, Precision medicine, Orthopedics.Resumen
Post-traumatic joint degeneration is a major cause of secondary osteoarthritis and long-term disability following musculoskeletal injuries. Increasing evidence indicates that biological alterations begin immediately after joint trauma and involve a complex interaction among inflammatory mediators, cartilage matrix degradation, synovial activation, subchondral bone remodeling, and biomechanical dysfunction. This review aimed to analyze current international evidence regarding the biological mechanisms underlying post-traumatic joint degeneration, emphasizing early biological predictors and contemporary joint preservation strategies. A narrative literature review was conducted following the Scientific Method as the methodological framework. Scientific evidence was identified through PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, prioritizing peer-reviewed publications, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, clinical guidelines, randomized controlled trials, and prospective studies. The reviewed evidence demonstrated that inflammatory cytokines, cartilage degradation biomarkers, and advanced imaging techniques provide valuable information for identifying patients at increased risk before irreversible structural damage develops. Furthermore, multidisciplinary management integrating structured rehabilitation, biomechanical optimization, surgical restoration, regenerative medicine, and precision medicine approaches emerged as the most promising strategy for preserving native joint function. Although important advances have been achieved, further standardization of biomarkers, validation of predictive models, and multicenter investigations involving diverse populations remain necessary to optimize clinical implementation. Early recognition of biological alterations following joint trauma may facilitate individualized interventions capable of delaying or preventing the progression of post-traumatic osteoarthritis.
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