Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Cardiac Arrhythmias: A Global Perspective with Regional Insights from Latin America
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64784/015Palabras clave:
Atrial fibrillation, Arrhythmia management, Artificial intelligence, Catheter ablation, Electrophysiology, Latin America, Telecardiology, Ventricular arrhythmiaResumen
Cardiac arrhythmias remain one of the leading causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. Over the past decade, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches have undergone a profound transformation driven by technological innovation, artificial intelligence (AI), and evidence-based medicine. This review analyzes the main advances in arrhythmia diagnosis and management, emphasizing the global perspective and its implementation in Latin America, particularly in Mexico, Colombia, and Ecuador. A narrative review was conducted using the Scientific Method and the DMAIC framework, analyzing twenty peer-reviewed publications, clinical trials, and international guidelines published between 2014 and 2024. The evidence reveals a transition from conventional electrocardiographic methods such as 24-hour Holter monitoring to extended adhesive patch ECGs, implantable loop recorders, and wearable devices supported by AI algorithms, which have significantly improved diagnostic precision and early detection of subclinical arrhythmias. Therapeutically, clinical trials such as EAST-AFNET 4, CABANA, EARLY-AF, and STOP AF First demonstrated that early rhythm-control strategies, particularly catheter and cryoballoon ablation, provide better rhythm maintenance, reduce cardiovascular events, and modify the natural course of atrial fibrillation. Furthermore, the integration of telecardiology, device remote monitoring, and cardiogenetic evaluation is progressively redefining contemporary arrhythmia care. Despite persistent disparities in access and infrastructure, Latin American countries are adopting hybrid diagnostic and therapeutic models aligned with international standards. In conclusion, modern arrhythmia management has evolved into a proactive, technology-driven, and patient-centered discipline, where early rhythm control, AI-assisted monitoring, and regional collaboration are essential to improve outcomes and achieve equitable cardiovascular care worldwide.
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